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For example, in 2014, an estimated 9.6 million persons developed tuberculosis, and 1.5 million died. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common global health problems and also one of the world’s deadliest communicable diseases. tuberculosis and discusses their general aspects and applications. This review focuses on techniques frequently used for the molecular typing of M. However, other polymerase chain reaction-based methods such as spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping), which detects 43 spacer sequence-interspersing direct repeats (DRs) in the genomic DR region mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units–variable number tandem repeats, (MIRU-VNTR), which determines the number and size of tandem repetitive DNA sequences repetitive-sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR), which provides high-throughput genotypic fingerprinting of multiple Mycobacterium species and the recently developed genome-based whole genome sequencing methods demonstrate similar discriminatory power and greater convenience. Insertion sequence IS 6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis is considered the gold standard for the molecular epidemiologic investigations of tuberculosis. Choosing the most appropriate technique in accordance with the existing laboratory conditions and the specific features of the geographic region is important.
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Currently, many techniques are available to type M. tuberculosis has been used for various epidemiologic purposes as well as for clinical management. Tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the most serious global health problems.